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Table of Contents of English prosody

 

(This is the Table of Contents of English prosody: Rhythm and melody.)  


Introduction

Two characteristics of English language

Prosodic hierarchy of English

Organization of the book


Part I: Word stress

Syllable

The English syllable

Single vowel sound

15 vowel phonemes of American English

Adjacent vowel letters

Semi-vowels

Consonant clusters

Consonant digraphs

Affixes and compounds

Doubled consonants

-es and -ed

Compound words

Consonants between vowels

Long vs short vowels

Syllabic consonants

Stressed syllables

Monosyllabic words

Mispronounced monosyllabic words

Two syllable words

Mispronounced two syllable words

Three syllable words

Words with more than three syllables

Secondary stress

Stress shift due to affixes

Suffix stress patterns

Stress-neutral suffixes

Stress-shifting suffixes

First syllable before the suffix

Second syllable before the suffix

Stress carrying suffixes

Stress with prefixes

Unstressed prefixes

Stressable prefixes

Stress shift in words

literal vs derived meaning

Different parts of speech


Part II: Compound word stress

Phrasal verbs

Single-stressed phrasal verbs

Stranded preposition

Stressed preposition

Double-stressed phrasal verbs

Separable Phrasal Verbs

Rhythmic stress shift

Three-part phrasal verbs

Adverb or preposition

Noun expressions

Descriptive noun phrases

Acronyms and numerals

Stress shift

Implicit contrast

Compound nouns

Types of compound nouns

Compound vs descriptive noun phrases

Gerunds vs participles

Phrasal verbs to compound nouns

Compound adjectives

Hyphens

Stress and components of compound adjectives

Stress on the first component

Stress on the second component

More than two words

The use of a singular noun form

Stress shift


Part III: Rhythmic stress

English, a stress-timed language

Sentence stress

Content words vs function words

Priority of nouns

Unstressed content words

Stressed function words

Rhythm unit

The poetic foot

Isochrony

Grouping into rhythm units

Manners of regulating rhythm

Rhythmic stress deletion

Rhythmic stress shift

Rhythmic vowel clipping

Vowel reduction

Elision

Syllable elision

Phoneme dropping in function words

Syllabic consonants

Contractions


Part IV: Focus word stress

Thought group

Pausing and change of meaning

Thought grouping

Rules of pausing

No pause

Pause necessary

Introductory phrase

Equally weighted items

Restrictive vs nonrestrictive modifiers

Focus word

Focus word and meaning

Default place for focus words

Default focus words

Non-default focus words

For emphasis

For contrast

Implicit contrast

Marked negatives

Contrastive stress shift

Pitch contour

Nuclear syllable and tonic stress

Pitch contour

Elements of the thought group

Pre-head

Head

Tail


Part V: Sentence Intonation

English, an intonation language

Pitch, tone and intonation

Strong intonation needed

Intonation patterns

Terminal tone

Combining intonation units

Falling intonation

Falling-falling intonation

Rising-falling Intonation

Rising intonation

Rising-rising intonation

Falling-rising intonation

Degrees of rise or fall

Four pitch levels

Degrees of rise

Beginning pitch level

Sarcasm

Yes-no question

Rhetorical questions

Degrees of fall

Mid fall

Conversational implicatures

Steep fall

Parenthetical remarks

American vs British intonation

Intonation and its function

Grammar function

Attitude function

Context function

New vs old information

High vs low content